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Patience is Key to RNA Pol II Relationship with Nucleosome

July 30, 2009

here’s been lots of buzz about nucleosomes and RNAs lately. In fact, just last week EpiGenie reported that transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) might be formed as RNA Pol II hits a nucleosome and backtracks. Nucleosomal post-transcriptional mods can cause RNA Polymerase II to pause or abort, while others can kick transcription into high gear. But […]

Chromatin’s Flex in Restricted Calorie Diets

July 23, 2009

Starve a mouse and its aging processes slow to a crawl. Same thing goes for yeast and beast alike – the effects of calorie reduction (CR) on longevity are conserved throughout the eukaryote evolution. The benefits of caloric reduction in mammals have grabbed the headlines of mainstream media routinely in recent years. The July 10th […]

How You Are Conceived Makes a Difference in Your Epigenetics

July 22, 2009

Ahem! What we mean is that being conceived in a dish versus the natural way can affect the methylation of your DNA. Previous studies suggested that the less romantic method of putting sperm and egg together in vitro (assisted reproduction technology; ART) resulted in a higher risk of birth defects and rare disorders that involve […]

CLIPped Mouse Testes Reveal Novel Class of Small RNAs

July 16, 2009

Fish with germ cell-specific bait, and you get a new class of RNA. U Penn researchers CLIPped (Cross-Linked and ImmunoPrecipitated) mouse testis extract with the anti-DNA/RNA-binding protein MSY2, and caught a whole bunch of novel ~30 nt RNAs. While about 7% of these were known piRNAs, most came from a distinct class of testicular RNAs […]

NIH Digs into the Diet Movement with New Epigenetics Research Grants

July 16, 2009

Nowadays it seems like everybody’s on some kind of a diet. Until recently, even public funding for epigenetic research had been leaner than a movie star on the South Beach diet. But with last year’s funding of the Roadmap Initiative and yesterday’s release of grant applications for the study of diet and epigenetics, things are […]

Differentiation Got Your Chromatin in a Bind?

July 8, 2009

Euchromatin could be what gives stem cells their stemness. A screen for factors that both reduce embryonic stem (ES) cells’ ability to expand and diminish their expression of stem cell marker Oct4 yielded just one that hadn’t been seen before: the chromatin-remodeling enzyme Chd1. Chd1 recognizes di-or tri-methylated histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2/3) – […]

Want Smooth Muscle? You’ll Need Some miR-145

July 8, 2009

OK, maybe you won’t find a bottle of miR-145 at the juice bar of your local gym anytime soon, but a paper published recently in Nature says that miR-145 is all you really need to turn mouse cardiac progenitor cells into smooth muscle. What’s more, both miR-145 and miR-143 team up to regulate a smooth […]

Wounds Make Polycomb Group Proteins (PcGs) Skedaddle

July 7, 2009

Ouch! Skinned knees and paper cuts are a fact of life—we’ve certainly had our share. But we’d never wondered what was going on in those wounds, unlike Paul Martin and Tanya Shaw at the University of Bristol. They have realized that wound healing is similar to embryogenesis, a process in which epigenetic mods are commonplace. […]

DNA Methylation and HIV Latency

July 1, 2009

You’d think keeping HIV from replicating was a good thing, and it is … unless you’re trying to eradicate the virus. One of the world’s most elusive viruses is an expert at maintaining a low profile, laying dormant in CD4+ cells even during highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART). A team of American and Swedish researchers […]

HIV’s RISC-y Behavior

July 1, 2009

There’s nothing restricting miRNAs to targeting just endogenous mRNAs. So it’s no surprise to find that expression of miR-29a – which targets the 3’UTR of HIV-1 mRNA — increases during HIV infection. Researchers from U Mass Med School in Worchester, and the Burnham Institute for Medical Research in La Jolla, found that HIV mRNA hangs […]

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